the genocidal terrorism that the State of Israel has
been exercising against the Palestinian People.
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Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) Today we meet one of the three giants of Western music along with Mozart and Beethoven . He was a German violinist, organist, conductor and composer, born in Eisenach into the most prominent musical family in history. In 1703 he got his first job in Arndstat and in 1707 he moved to Mülhausen as an organist, where he married his cousin Maria Barbara with whom he had seven children. After the death of his wife in 1720, after a year and a half of widowhood, he remarried Maria Magdalena with whom he would have another thirteen children. In 1723 he moved to Leipzig where he would reside until his death at the age of 65. His influence has been notable on Haydn , Mozart , Beethoven , Mendelssohn , Schumann , Chopin ... and many other renowned composers.
Bach wrote four suites for orchestra , which he called "Overtures," of which we can now view part of Suite No. 2 , specifically the last two movements or dances. The suite is written for flute and string ensemble, currently featuring flautist Anastasia Fedchenko as soloist, accompanied by the Algirdas Paulavičius Symphony Orchestra , conducted by maestro Alexey Vasiliev .
Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764) was a French composer, harpsichordist, and music theorist. He was highly influential during the Baroque era, replacing Jean-Baptiste Lully as the dominant composer of French opera. Rameau 's lyric works constitute the bulk of his musical contribution and mark the height of the French Baroque period with his best-known work, the opera-ballet Les Indes galantes . However, his lyric works were largely forgotten until the mid- 20th century , as a result of the rediscovery of early music; his harpsichord works were always present. Rameau is generally regarded as the most important French musician of the pre-19th century ; he died in 1764 at the age of 81.
Today we present his work La Poule (The Hen), an imitative piece written for harpsichord and performed by Grigory Sokolov in a piano version.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) is considered one of the three giants of musical composition, along with Bach and Beethoven . A child prodigy born in Salzburg , Austria, he mastered the keyboard and violin at the age of six and began composing. His father, Leopold , exhibited him on exhausting tours of various European courts. A prolific composer (more than 600 works written between the age of five and his death), he cultivated all kinds of musical genres: piano works, chamber music, symphonies, concertante works, choral works, operas... each and every one of them a masterpiece of their kind. His operas The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, Così fan Tutte, and The Marriage of Figaro are among the 10 most performed operas in the world. He died in Vienna at the age of 35.
Mozart and Freemasonry . Freemasonry emerged in Europe in the late 17th century as a selective, philanthropic organization with a federal structure and humanistic objectives, such as the search for truth, the study of human behavior, the sciences and the arts, and the social and moral development of individuals and society; all based on a sense of brotherhood, whose teachings are symbolized by elements of masonry. At the age of 28, Mozart entered the Masonic Lodge of Vienna as an apprentice ; the following month he rose to the rank of Companion , and four months later he was named Master Mason . Influenced by the Enlightenment , he pursued rationalism, although without sharing the occult nature of many of his companions.
Mozart 's Turkish March is the popular name given to the third and final movement ("Rondò Alla Turca: Allegretto ") of his Piano Sonata No. 11. Its music imitates the sound of the Turkish Janissary bands, a very popular music of the time. This is one of Mozart 's most listened to works and one of his most covered; on this occasion, we present it in a guitar arrangement performed by the distinguished Mexican guitarist Cecilio Perera .
Ennio Morricone (1928-2020) was an Italian conductor and composer of over 500 film and television soundtracks and other symphonic and choral compositions. Born to a musician father, he began studying the trumpet as a child and at the age of nine entered the National Academy of Santa Cecilia . At 18, he began writing for radio programs and, little by little, for films. The film director Sergio Leone , a childhood friend, asked him to collaborate on his films and thus created a different model of western, the Spagetti Western . His contracts expanded with other filmmakers until he became one of the most appreciated soundtrack composers. Throughout his career, he received important and countless awards endorsing his brilliant work.
Gabriel's Oboe is the main theme of the film The Mission , whose soundtrack was composed by Ennio Morricone . In the film, the theme is most prominently used when the protagonist, Jesuit Father Gabriel, walks to a waterfall and begins playing his oboe, aiming to reach out to the natives with his music so that he can carry out his missionary work in the New World . Members of the Guarani tribe, who have been stalking him from a distance, approach Gabriel for the first time, puzzled by the sounds of the unfamiliar instrument. The tribe's chief, however, disgusted by this approach, breaks his oboe. This marks the beginning of the relationship between Father Gabriel and the Guarani natives.
Today it is offered to us by oboist Carmen Ruiz Revuelta accompanied by the Madrid Municipal Band conducted by maestro Natalia Montañés .
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Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was an Italian priest, violinist, and composer known as the Red Priest (“il prete rosso”). He was born in Venice and learned to play the violin with his father as a child. At the age of 15, he entered the Seminary and, once ordained a priest, was unable to attend to his religious obligations due to his health problems. He was appointed violin teacher at an orphanage, where he taught theory and instrumental lessons. At the age of 40, he was appointed Chapel Master in Mantua , where he wrote his famous Four Seasons , his best-known work. Throughout his life, he composed almost 800 works, half of which were concertos, 40 operas, 60 religious works, and numerous sonatas.
The Four Seasons , Vivaldi 's most beloved work and one of the most popular in the history of music , are a group of four concertos for violin and orchestra (each concerto is dedicated to a season: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter). Unusually for the time, Vivaldi published the concertos with accompanying poems (possibly written by Vivaldi himself) describing what he wanted to represent in relation to each of the seasons. This work provides one of the earliest and most detailed examples of what would later be called programmatic or descriptive music , music with a narrative element. Vivaldi took pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems, translating the poetic verses directly into music. Vivaldi divides each concerto into three movements: fast I - slow II - fast III, and in the same way, each sonnet is divided into three sections, a scheme that Vivaldi adopted in most of his concertos. The instrumental ensemble for the scores of the four concertos are: solo violin, string quintet (first violin, second violin, viola, cello, double bass) and basso continuo (harpsichord or organ).
Spring : I (0´04´´) ALLEGRO .-. II (3´31´´) LONG .-. III (6´02´´) ALLEGRO .-. Summer : I (10´22´´) ALLEGRO NON MOLTO) .-. II (15'41'') ADAGIO.-. III (17'54'') PRESTO .-. Autumn : I (21´01´´) ALLEGRO .-. II (26´10´´) ADAGIO MOLTO .-. III (28´41´´) ALLEGRO .-. Winter : I (32´05´´) ALLEGRO NON MOLTO .-. II (35´21´´) LONG .-. III (37´00´´) ALLEGRO.
Today it is offered to us by the Dutch violinist Janine Jansen (1978) accompanied by the Amsterdam Sinfonietta.
The Pastoral Symphony (6th Symphony) was mainly composed in 1808, although drafts date from as early as 1806. Beethoven conducted the work at its premiere in Vienna on December 22, 1808, on a program that also included the premiere of the Fifth Symphony . As he began to outline the Pastoral , he jotted down several ideas about program music: "The listeners should be allowed to discover the situations for themselves." "People will not need titles to recognize that the general intention is more a matter of feeling than of sound painting." " Pastoral Symphony 1: not a picture, but a play in which the emotions born of country pleasure are expressed." "Characteristic Symphony, or a Remembrance of Country Life."
Pastoral style . Key elements include birdsong, hunting horn themes, shepherds' flutes (pifa opifferari) and shepherds' calls (ranz des vaches, or Tyrolean chant), country dances, depictions of flowing water and the bleating of sheep, and imitations of the bagpipe, a characteristic instrument of peasant life, with its low drone.
The work is structured in five movements, all subtitled by Beethoven himself). In the FIRST MOVEMENT (0:07), ALLEGO MA NON TROPPO ( “ Joyful feelings awaken at finding oneself in the country”), everything is serene, like country life. The piece unfolds unhurriedly. The harmonies are mostly simple, and the music remains in each harmonic area for quite a long time. The SECOND MOVEMENT (11:52), ANDANTE MOLTO MOTO (“Scene by the Brook”) is somewhat more literal, where the penetrating undulations of the sixteenth notes represent the babbling brook. Towards the end, explicit sound paintings emerge, with the songs of birds. Beethoven designates the flute part as a “nightingale,” the oboe as a “quail,” and the clarinets as “cuckoo.” In the THIRD MOVEMENT (24:11), ALLEGRO (“Lively Peasant Gathering”), there is a literal sound painting of another kind. Beethoven enjoyed hearing folk bands playing Austrian folk dances, even when their performance was less than accomplished. In the music of this movement, after the horns' call, we first hear a simple accompaniment figure in the violins; then the oboe enters with the melody, but a measure later, as if the player hadn't been quite ready for its entrance. Four measures later, the (second!) bassoon apparently wakes up and enters unexpectedly playing three notes; then it falls asleep again, only to wake up five measures later. The melody passes to the clarinet—still out of time—which is suddenly joined by the violas and cellos, apparently a measure later. It's as if the viola player suddenly woke up and began to play, and his entrance awakened the cellist. The melody then passes to the horn player, who also enters out of time. Finally, the basses and, finally, the first bassoon join in with sustained notes. The gentle mood of this movement is abruptly darkened in the FOURTH MOVEMENT (29:12), ALLEGRO ("Lightning. Storm"), by an unexpected shift to a distant key in which gathering storm clouds appear. The violence of the storm is described by the roaring of the timpani, string tremolos, and strident dissonances. Finally, the tempest subsides, and the FIFTH MOVEMENT (32:47), ALLEGRETTO ("Shepherds' Hymn. Joy and Thankfulness after the Storm") follows without a pause. The shepherd's hymn at the end brings us back to the unhurried atmosphere of the first movement. A clarinet and then a horn play yodeling figures over bagpipe drones in the strings, before we hear the main theme. The melody, which is introduced by the violins (the drone passes to the clarinets and bassoons), is actually a Swiss yodel tune. Each time this melody is heard, it is repeated, usually twice. The movement ends with a typical pastoral gesture: a Yodeling modulation of the horn in the Tyrolean style, accompanied by a wind drone. (Excerpt from hagaselamusica.com)
Today it is offered to us by the Frankfurt Radio Symphony conducted by French maestro Ariane Matiakh
Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) fue un compositor británico nacido en Down Ampney, Gloucestershire. Estudió música e historia en la Universidad de Cambridge, posteriormente en Berlín con Max Bruch y en París con Maurice Ravel. Fue nombrado profesor en el Royal College of Music (RCM) en 1919 y recibió un año después el nombramiento como Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Oxford, llegando a convertirse en el director del Bach Choir y consiguiendo en los años veinte que sus obras fuesen divulgadas en todo el continente europeo. Su música suele describirse como típicamente inglesa, generalmente en el mismo grupo de compositores que Gustav Holst, Frederick Delius, George Butterworth, William Walton y otros.
A Sea Symphony (Sinfonía del mar), también conocida como Sinfonía n.° 1 en Re mayor, es una obra para soprano, barítono, coro y una gran orquesta que fue compuesta por Ralph Vaughan Williams entre 1903 y 1909, tras numerosas revisiones. La composición de esta pieza se desarrolló entre 1903 y 1909. Durante ese tiempo el compositor trabajó en una serie de canciones para orquesta y coro que más adelante pasarían a convertirse en la primera de sus nueve sinfonías. Se trata de la primera y la más larga de las sinfonías del maestro inglés. Su título original fue The Ocean, A Sea Symphony, que significa El océano, una Sinfonía del mar. Al igual que Brahms, Vaughan Williams tardó mucho tiempo en componer su primera sinfonía, si bien fue prolífico hasta el final de su vida y su última sinfonía fue compuesta entre 1956 y 1958 y completada con 85 años. El estreno se celebró el 12 de octubre de 1910 en el Festival de Leeds con la interpretación de la orquesta y coro del festival bajo la dirección del propio compositor, que conmemoraba ese día su 38.º cumpleaños.
Structure. The Symphony is divided into four movements: I () A Song for All Seas, All Ships. MODERATO MAESTOSO. This movement is written for baritone, soprano and chorus in the key of D major and in 4/4 time. It opens with a harsh, flourishing fanfare of the brass on a B-flat minor chord to which the full chorus responds by singing the same chord: "Behold the sea itself". The full orchestra plays the word "sea", which has resolved to the tonic. Immediately after, the two unifying thematic motifs that will inform the rest of the work sound. The first motif contains a harmonic pattern of two chords (one major and one minor). The second motif is a noble, arcing melody that appears more than once in Vaughan Williams's output. II (19:41) On the Beach at Night, Alone. Largo Sostenuto. The second movement is written for baritone and chorus in E minor and in 3/4 time. It is a nocturne with a dark, oscillating accompaniment, in which the soloist reflects on "the clef of the universes" and glimpses how "A vast similitude interlocks all" while a gentle march, inherited from Parry, can be heard in the bass. The chorus launches into a resounding and powerful declamation, after which the initial mystery of the opening returns, this time with the orchestra alone. III (31:36) Scherzo. The Waves. Allegro Brillante. The third movement is written for solo chorus in G minor and in 3/4 time. The Scherzo opens with a lively version of the opening fanfare, with pizzicato strings. The rapid, lightly orchestrated counterpoint of the orchestral accompaniment underscores the interplay of "whistling winds...undulating waves...that whirling current" through which a ship sails. The trio (34:13) is a broad, Parry-esque melody in which the words "Where the great vessel sailing and tacking displaced the surface" can be heard. It concludes with fanfares alternating between the brass and the choir. IV (39:52) The Explorers: GRAVE E MOLTO ADAGIO - ALLEGRO ANIMATO. The fourth and final movement is scored for baritone, soprano, and choir in E-flat major and 4/4 time. This extended Finale contains some of the noblest music written by Vaughan Williams, according to Mark Satola. The metaphor of the soul as a ship sailing the seas of life is expressed here with the greatest candor. A tranquil introduction for a subdued chorus ("O vast Rondure, swimming in space") is followed by a leisurely march that describes the "restless" soul of man from its origins in Adam and Eve, culminating in a vision of the poet as "the true son of God" who will guide humanity with his songs. The soprano and baritone soloists sing of the Soul "taking ship" to "launch upon the trackless seas" in a duet of operatic fervor. A faster section ("Away O Soul!") launches the Soul's journey, with a final note of benediction ("O daring joy, but safe! Are they not all the seas of God?") before the symphony fades into the lower strings.
Today we can enjoy this magnificent and spiritual Symphony thanks to the performance of Sally Matthews (soprano), Roderick Williams (baritone), the BBC Proms Youth Choir and the BBC Symphony Chorus, accompanied by the BBC Symphony Orchestra, all conducted by Finnish maestro Sakari Oramo.
Gabriela Ortiz Torres (Mexico City, December 20, 1964) is a Mexican composer and teacher, whose work has been performed at international festivals such as the International Cervantino Festival, the Bourges Festival in France, Electrifying Exotica and Plugged Festival in London , among others. Her parents, Rubén Ortiz Fernández, an architect and guitarist, and María Elena Torres Alcarás , a singer and amateur musician, were co-founding members of Los Folkloristas , so her greatest formative influence in her childhood and adolescence was Mexican and Latin American folk music. Likewise, her mother was a non-professional pianist, and her grandfather a music lover who collected classical and contemporary music records. She belongs to the growing generation of women composers born in the second half of the 20th century .
She studied high school at the College of Sciences and Humanities and a degree in composition at the National School of Music where she was a student of Federico Ibarra , and at the Composition Workshop of the National Conservatory of Music under the guidance of Mario Lavista . She studied piano at the Ollin Yoliztli School in Mexico City , and later with Robert Saxton at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama , thanks to a British Council scholarship, and earned a doctorate in Composition and Electroacoustic Music from The City University of London under the supervision of Simon Emmerson (1992). Since her early production, her ability to synthesize a syncretic style in her music stands out, in which "European tradition, new resources typical of contemporary music and jazz come together with Mexican elements, even from pre-Hispanic Mexico."
He has taught composition at the National School of Music of the National Autonomous University of Mexico . In February 2019, he joined the Mexican Academy of Arts in a ceremony held in the Manuel M. Ponce Hall of the Palace of Fine Arts . Since August 30, 2022, he has been a member of El Colegio Nacional .
Altar of the Dead. This programmatic work describes the conception of death in Mexico throughout its history. The Day of the Dead (November 2) is undoubtedly one of the most popular and deeply rooted traditional festivals in Mexican culture. Considered the birthday of the dead, families celebrate to remember their deceased. The main element is the offering to the dead: an ancestral magical-religious tradition created with flowers, special foods, drinks, music, incense, among others, all on an altar called Altar of the Dead . This celebration is reflected in the work of Mexican composer Gabriela Ortiz ; it is a journey of exploration in search of the roots of the conception of death in Mexico from the past to the present. (Excerpt from the article published on the website of the Cultural Heritage Department of the National University of Colombia).
Today it is offered to us by the Terra Nostra Ensemble String Quartet
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Erroll Garner ( Pittsburgh , June 15, 1921 – Los Angeles , January 7, 1977) was an American jazz pianist, stylistically classified as swing and bop . Despite not being able to read music, he was a sophisticated yet popular musician and maintained his style unchanged until the end of his career. He began playing piano at the age of three; he was self-taught and continued to play by ear throughout his life; he never learned to read music. He played locally in the shadow of his brother, the pianist Linton Garner , and moved to New York City in 1944. Although his admission to the Pittsburgh music union was initially rejected due to his inability to read music, it eventually made him an honorary member in 1956. Garner is credited with having a superb musical memory; After attending a concert by legendary Russian pianist Emil Gilels, Garner returned to his apartment and was able to play much of the music he had heard. Garner toured extensively both in the U.S. and abroad and produced a large volume of recordings; he retired for health reasons in early 1975 and died of cardiac arrest related to pulmonary emphysema on January 2, 1977.
Rosalía (Barcelona, 1992) is a Spanish singer, songwriter, producer and actress. She has been awarded two Latin Grammy Awards for " Malamente " and five for the album we present today, El mal querer , which made her the Spanish artist with the most awards given by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences for a single work, and two MTV Video Music Awards . On January 26, 2020, she received the Grammy Award for Best Latin Urban or Alternative Rock Album in the city of Los Angeles , being also the first person in history to be nominated for a Grammy for Best New Artist with a debut album in Spanish. Rosalía mixes traditional flamenco with copla and with modern styles such as pop, trap, hip hop, electronic music ...
Mohammed Rafi (1924–1980) was an Indian Bollywood musician and singer , who sang in many regional languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Oriya, Marathi, Sanskrit, Bhojpuri and Telugu and is known and famous mainly for being a singer in Indian cinema (also known as " Bollywood "). His songs are very famous throughout India and also in all Indian communities (emigrants from India ) in the world. Along with Mukesh and Kishore Kumar, Rafi was one of the three great playback singers in Bollywood from the 1950s to 1970s. In the West, his song " Jaan Pehechaan Ho " is known, which was included in the film Ghost World (2001), directed by Terry Zwigoff and starring Scarlett Johanson, Thora Birch and Steve Buscemi .
Dua Lipa (1995) is a British singer-songwriter who began her career at the age of 14. Since then, she has received significant accolades, including three Grammy Awards , three Brit Awards , two MTV Europe Music Awards , an MTV Video Music Award , and an American Music Award . In 2020, Billboard honored Lipa with the Powerhouse Award , given to the artist whose music dominated their respective year across streaming , sales, and radio. Today we offer an album featuring some of her most celebrated hits.
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Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943) was a Russian pianist, conductor and composer born into an aristocratic family of musicians. He began playing piano at the age of four, formalizing his studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and later at the Moscow Conservatory. After the premiere of his First Symphony and the critical acclaim it received, he suffered a creative crisis for four years. Once over it, he wrote the Piano Concerto No. 2 , which received worldwide recognition. After the Russian Revolution, he moved with his family to Switzerland and in 1935, to the USA , writing numerous works for solo and concertante piano, chamber, symphonic and lyrical music. He is considered one of the most influential pianists of the 20th century and one of Russia 's most representative composers.
Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini is a work written for piano and orchestra with variations on Paganini 's caprice No. 24 for solo violin. Today we offer a portion of the work choreographed by Michel Fokine and adapted by Manuel Legris (1964), a French dancer who was a soloist with the Paris National Opera Ballet and has been a guest of the world's leading ballet companies and performed with the most prestigious ballerinas. He currently has his own company , Manuel Legris et ses Étoiles , with which he tours around the world.
Argia Dantza Taldea is a Basque dance group from San Sebastián, made up of around 45 members, directed by Juan Antonio Urbeltz (1940). They have collected numerous dances from the Basque Country in situ, grouped into cycles that prioritize authenticity in their choreographic, musical, instrumental, and even costume versions. At the 1968 Middlesbrough International Folklore Festival (England), they won first prize for dance among 28 groups from 22 countries. In 1998, the Alfred Toepfer Foundation in Hamburg awarded them the European Prize for Popular Art .
Muriska . According to the video caption, it's a performance performed at the Arriaga Theatre in Bilbao in 1993, with choreography based on Souletine pastorals and premiered at the Olite International Festival .
The Tlacotalpan Festival is a celebration held in the state of Veracruz , Mexico, in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria . During the last days of January and the first days of February, Tlacotalpan celebrates its patron saint, the Virgin of Candelaria , with a grand party. The people of Tlacotalpan take to the streets to escort the Virgin , who wears a new outfit every year, in a cavalcade of more than 600 riders led by women! Many others dress in the beautiful traditional Veracruz costumes, with their tortoiseshell combs and fans, giving the celebration a truly jarocho atmosphere. This festival is also a musical extravaganza; the town fills with decimeros (decime singers) and jaraneros (revelers), and the Naval School Band plays constantly to accompany the numerous events. (Excerpt from El Universal)
Amalia Hernández (1917-2000) was a Mexican dancer and choreographer, and founder, in 1952, of the ballet that bears her name, an emblematic of the folk art of this country, based at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City. Amalia dedicated herself to rescuing traditional Mexican dances that had been lost over time, striving to improve their quality. In 1959, President López Mateos asked this group to become one of Mexico 's natural ambassadors.
The Amalia Hernández Ballet, also known as the Ballet Folklórico de México , has more than 60 original choreographies with performances throughout Mexico. It has also toured more than 100 times internationally, visiting a total of 60 countries and more than 300 cities.
The theremin is one of the first electronic musical instruments controlled without physical contact between the performer or thereminist and the instrument; we could say that it is the only instrument that is "played without touching it." Its name derives from the Westernized version of the name of its Russian inventor , Léon Theremin (Термен), who developed it in 1920 and patented it in 1928. The instrument consists of two metal antennas that detect the relative position of the thereminist 's hands and oscillators to control the frequency with one hand and the amplitude (volume) with the other.
Today, thereminist Randy George , accompanied by a piano, offers us the melody of the originally pianistic work Clair de lune , the third movement of the Suite bergamasque, by the French impressionist composer Claude Debussy.
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Various Wikipedia articles and relevant information on Artificial Intelligence were used to prepare these texts.
The texts of Videomusicalis are written in Basque, Spanish and English.
