the genocidal terrorism that the State of Israel has
been exercising against the Palestinian People.
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Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) was a virtuoso Polish pianist and composer, born into a musical family; his mother played the piano and his father the violin and flute. His first teacher was his sister, with whom he enjoyed playing four-hand pieces. At the age of eight, he gave his first public concert at the Radziwill family palace in Warsaw . Chopin 's work focuses exclusively on the piano, both solo and in concert, with which he embarked on a solo career of technical refinement, expressive splendor, and a deepening of rubato , ultimately becoming the musical benchmark for the instrument. As a pianist, he is considered one of the most important in history, and as a composer, one of the leading figures of Romanticism .
The piano is a harmonic musical instrument classified as a struck string instrument ; it consists of a soundboard to which a keyboard has been added, by means of which the steel strings are struck with felt-covered hammers, producing the sound. It was invented around 1700 by Bartolomeo Cristofori of Padua. The word piano derives from the instrument's original Italian word, pianoforte (piano: "soft" and forte: "loud"); this refers to the piano's ability to produce sounds of varying intensities, depending on the pressure applied to the keys. This characteristic distinguished it from its predecessors such as the zither, monochord, dulcimer, clavichord , and harpsichord , which could only produce a single volume.
Frédéric Chopin 's Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 35 , written in the key of B-flat minor , is structured in four movements and contains one of its composer's most famous pieces: the Funeral March , which we suggest performing today. Composed in 1837 as an independent work, it was incorporated into Sonata No. 2 as its third movement in 1839. With a tripartite structure ( ABA ) and a slow tempo, this famous mournful march evokes a poignant and solemn atmosphere. While the central section (B: 2'22") offers a consoling contrast with its beautiful melody, it embodies the sublime memory of the departed. The return (A': 4'26") to the initial section completes this impressive piece.
Today it is offered to us by the Russian pianist Elena Doubovitskaya .
Lluís Llach (1948) is a Catalan singer-songwriter who, along with other colleagues, promoted the Nova Cançó Catalana movement and authored several protest songs during the Franco regime. In 1969, he gave a solo recital at the Palau de la Música Catalana , demonstrating his popularity with audiences of all ages. In 1973, he performed at the Olympia in Paris to great public and critical acclaim; during this period, he also performed in Switzerland, Germany , and Mexico . In 1976, after Franco 's death, he gave three recitals at the Palau de les Esports in Montjuïc. In 1979, he became the first non-operatic singer to perform at the Liceu in Barcelona , and in 1985, he filled Camp Nou with over 100,000 spectators. In 2007, he decided to end his career with a concert in Verges ( Girona ).
Death Knells . On March 3, 1976, at 5:10 p.m., the National Police in Vitoria-Gasteiz dispersed 4,000 striking workers gathered in assembly at the Church of San Francisco de Asís . They used tear gas, rubber bullets, and live ammunition, killing five people and injuring more than 150. In the protests that followed the massacre, the repression of these demonstrations resulted in the deaths of two more people. Despite the passage of 50 years, these events have still not been investigated or prosecuted. In remembrance of this massacre, Lluís Llach composed the song we are presenting today, performed by himself.
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was an Italian priest, violinist, and composer known as the Red Priest (“il prete rosso”). Born in Venice , he learned to play the violin from his father as a child. At the age of 15, he entered the seminary , and after his ordination, he was unable to fulfill his religious duties due to health problems. Consequently, he was appointed violin teacher at an orphanage, where he taught both theory and instrumental instruction. At 40, he was appointed Maestro di Cappella in Mantua , where he composed his famous Four Seasons . From there, he moved to Milan , then to Rome , later back to Venice , and finally to Vienna , where he died. Throughout his life, he composed nearly 800 works, half of which were concertos, 40 operas, 60 religious works, and numerous sonatas.
The Ryom Verzeichnis or Ryom Catalogue is a repertoire of the works of Antonio Vivaldi (abbreviated as RV ), compiled by the Danish musicologist Peter Ryom , who published it in 1973. Ryom based the classification not on the chronology of the works, but on three other criteria: the genre , the instruments for which the work was composed, and the tonality .
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument with a double reed . It consists of a slightly conical tube folded back on itself, approximately 155 cm long, with a total distance of 250 cm from the bore. It was developed in the early 18th century and reached its current form in the 19th . The bassoon owes its existence to the musical need to extend the lower range of the woodwind instrument. Instruments in its family include the bassoonino and the contrabassoon , as well as instruments in the oboe and heckelphone families, since these are also conical-bore instruments in which the sound is produced by a double reed . Modern orchestras typically have two to four bassoons so that a contrabassoon is available when needed.
Bassoon Concerto in G major RV 493. It is one of the numerous concertos (more than 39) that Vivaldi composed specifically for bassoon, and is structured in three movements in the typical Baroque Concerto form (fast – slow – fast); the work is written for solo bassoon, accompanied by strings and basso continuo.
The second movement of the Concerto, Largo, which we are presenting today, does not follow a strictly formal structure, but rather unfolds more as a free meditation, with a melodic narrative in which the soloist explores different expressive gestures. The bassoon sings an expressive melodic line with long phrases, slurs, and suspensions; while the orchestral accompaniment is very discreet, often reduced to a basso continuo (usually cello and harpsichord), which leaves the bassoon almost in an accompanied recitative style; this allows the bassoon's solo voice to stand out even more.
Today we present it in an interpretation by the Parisian bassoonist Sophie Dervaux accompanied by the Münchener Kammerorchester
Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), born in Ciboure (Basque Country, France), inherited his meticulous work ethic from his father, an engineer of Swiss origin, and his passion for music from his mother, born in Mendata (Bizkaia, Spain), who filled his childhood with folk songs. A few months after his birth, the family moved to Paris , where he began his piano studies at the age of six. At fourteen, he entered the Paris Conservatory, where he had the opportunity to study with Gabriel Fauré . His early works already reveal a strong personality and an independent spirit. In 1901, he premiered his Jeux d'eau , a piano work that began to establish him in Parisian musical circles, where the influence of Ravel on Debussy , or vice versa, was being debated.
Meanwhile, his fame was already established, to the point that Sergei Diaghilev , creator of the Ballets Russes , which were then at their peak, commissioned him to compose Daphnis et Chloé , Ravel 's longest work. Its premiere was met with mixed reviews, which caused a dip in the composer's morale. During World War II, he learned of his mother's death, a fact that deeply affected him. Following these tragic events, Ravel continued working and premiering various works, including another masterpiece, the symphonic poem La Valse . In 1921, he settled in a mansion 30 kilometers from Paris , where, despite the composer's reserved nature, eminent musicians and intellectuals gathered. He remained there until his death.
In 1928, he toured Canada and the USA , immersing himself in the jazz he loved and meeting Gershwin . Upon his return to Paris , he composed the work that would bring him the most fame, Bolero . In 1932, he wrote his two piano concertos: Concerto for the Left Hand and Concerto in G. From 1933 onward, he began to experience psychomotor difficulties, which worsened until his death at the age of 62. His legacy includes works for piano for two and four hands, chamber music, orchestral works, concertos, songs for voice and accompaniment, an opera, and a lyrical fantasy for soloists, choir, and orchestra. He reduced his own orchestral works to piano and orchestrated his own and others' piano works, most notably Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition .
The very Best With this video we offer a select florilegium of his most outstanding works: 1 (00´00´´) BOLÉRO .-. 2 (14´40´´) PAVANE POUR UNE INFANTE DEFUNTE .-. 3 (20´24´´) CONCERTO POUR PIANO IN G MAJOR: I Mov Allegramente .-. II Mov (28'25) Adagio assai .-. III Mov (38´05´´) Presto .-. 4 (41´47´´) RHAPSODIE ESPAGNOLE: I Prélude à la nuit. Très modéré .-. II (45'56'') Malagueña. Assez vif .-. III (48'12'') Habanera. Assez lent et d'un rythme las .-. IV (50´50´´) Fair. Assez anime .-. 5 (57´05´´) CHANSONS MADÉCASSES: I Nahandove .-. II (1h 2´07´´) Aoua .-. III (1h 6´12´´) Il est doux .-. 5 (1h 10´03´´) FIVE MÉLODIES POPULAIRES GRECQUES: I Chanson de la mariée .-. II (1h 11´40´´) Là-bas, vers l'église .-. III (1h 13´20´´) Quel galant m'est comparable .-. IV (1h 14´26´´) Chanson des cueilleuses de lentisques .-. V (1h 17´22´´) Tout gai! .-. 6 (1h 18´11´´) DON QUICHOTTE À DULCINÉE: I Chanson romanesque .-. II (1h 20´04´´) Chanson épique .-. III (1h 23´10´´) Chanson à boire .-. 7 (1h 24´52´´) LA VALSE .-. 8 (1H 35´53´´) TZIGANE, RHAPSODIE DE CONCERT .-. 9 (1h 44´55´´) POPULAR CHANTS: no. 2, Chanson française. "Jeanneton où irons-nous garder" .-. 10 (1h 47´32´´) 2 HEBREW SONGS, no. 1, Kaddisch .-. 11 (1h 52´31´´) GASPARD DE LA NUIT .-. 12 (1h 59´4´´) TZIGANE, RHAPSODIE DE CONCERT .-. 13 (2h 8´15´´) QUATUOR À CORDES IN F MAJOR: I Allegro moderato .-. II (2h 15´44´´) Assez vif, très rythmé .-. III (2h 21´50´´) Three lent .-. IV (2h 30´40´´) Vif et agité .-. 14 (2h 35´28´´) JEUX D'EAU .-. 15 (2h 40´01´´) MIROIRS, IV Dawn of the funny man .-. 16 (2h 46´02´´) MA MÈRE L'OYE, III Laideronnette, Impératrice des pagodes .-. 17 (2h 49´11´´) TOMBEAU DE COUPERIN, III Forlane .-. IV (2h 54´01´´) Rigaudon .-. 18 (2h 57´08´´) SONATINE, I Modéré .-. II (3 h 0´51´´) Mouvement de menuet .-. III (3h 4'01'') Anime .-. 19 (3h 7´35´´) VALSES NOBLES ET SENTIMENTALES, I Modéré, très franc .-. 20 (3h 8´48´´) CONCERTO POUR LA MAIN GAUCHE.
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The Four Seasons is Vivaldi 's most highly regarded work and one of the most popular in the history of music . It comprises four violin concertos (each dedicated to a season: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter). Unusually for the time, Vivaldi published the concertos with accompanying poems (possibly written by Vivaldi himself) that described what he intended to represent in relation to each season. This work provides one of the earliest and most detailed examples of what would later be called program music or descriptive music—music with a narrative element. Vivaldi strove to connect his music to the texts of the poems, translating the poetic verses directly into music. Vivaldi divides each concerto into three movements: I fast, II slow, III fast, and similarly, each sonnet is divided into three sections—a scheme that Vivaldi adopts in most of his concertos. The instrumental ensemble for the scores of the four concertos are: solo violin, string quintet (first violin, second violin, viola, cello, double bass) and basso continuo (harpsichord or organ).
Spring : I (0´04´´) ALLEGRO .-. II (3´31´´) LONG .-. III (6´02´´) ALLEGRO .-. Summer : I (10´22´´) ALLEGRO NON MOLTO) .-. II (15'41'') ADAGIO.-. III (17'54'') PRESTO .-. Autumn : I (21´01´´) ALLEGRO .-. II (26´10´´) ADAGIO MOLTO .-. III (28´41´´) ALLEGRO .-. Winter : I (32´05´´) ALLEGRO NON MOLTO .-. II (35´21´´) LONG .-. III (37´00´´) ALLEGRO.
Today it is offered to us by the Dutch violinist Janine Jansen (1978) accompanied by the Amsterdam Sinfonietta.
Augusta Holmès (1847-1903) was a French pianist and composer, born on December 16, 1847, in Paris , to Irish parents. She was a piano prodigy, giving public concerts at the age of four with advanced technique and expressive sound, and later became the favorite student of masters Henri Lambert, Hyacinthe Klosé , and César Franck . From then on, she wrote both the lyrics and music for her works, using the pseudonym Hermann Zeuta . She died in Paris on June 28, 1903.
Among his works are the operas Hero and Leander, Astarte, Lancelot of the Lake, The Black Mountain , the psalm In exitu , the symphonies Orlando Furioso, Lutetia , and also The Argonautas ; the symphonic poems Ireland, Palagne and Andromeda ; the symphonic suite The Blue Country ; choral works and a large number of pieces for orchestra and art songs.
A symphonic poem is a free-form orchestral work, generally based on a literary text, whose purpose is to evoke sensations or feelings through a pre-established narrative. It typically consists of a single movement and is written for orchestra, although it can also be for piano or small instrumental ensembles. Franz Liszt is considered the father of the symphonic poem, having composed as many as 13 works in this genre, which quickly became widespread during the Romantic period.
Andromède by Augusta Holmès is a symphonic poem inspired by Greek mythology, in which Andromeda was the daughter of the mythical Ethiopian kings Cepheus and Cassiopeia , as well as the wife of Perseus and mother of seven children. Holmès not only composed the music but also created a literary poem in French, with 11 four-line stanzas, rhyming ABBA in Alexandrine verse .
Today we attended the presentation of the symphonic poem Andromède offered by the Virago Symphonic Orchestra conducted by the Belgian maestro Pascale Van Os.
Catalogue of Chopin's works . His works are classified by their Opus number (from the Latin opus 'work'; op. abbreviation) which is a term used in music to catalogue the works of most composers since the 17th century .
The concerto is a musical form written for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an instrumental ensemble. It was Vivaldi who established the fundamental basis of its structure with three movements ( I fast-II slow-III fast ) and presented it as a dialogue between the soloists and the instrumental ensemble. From the Classical period (1750-1810), especially following the foundations laid by C.P.E. Bach , the first movement is constructed according to the patterns of sonata form (exposition, development, and recapitulation) , while the second and third movements adopt free and specific forms. Frequently (though not always), at the end of the first and/or third movement, the soloists have an unaccompanied cadenza with which to showcase their virtuosity.
Frédéric Chopin 's Piano Concerto No. 1 in E minor, Op. 11 , is one of the most emblematic works of the Romantic piano repertoire. Although it is called "No. 1" because it was published first, it was actually composed after the Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 , in 1830, when Chopin was only 20 years old. The concerto is structured in the three movements typical of the period: I (1:00) ALLEGRO MAESTOSO. A long, majestic movement with a lengthy orchestral introduction before the piano enters (5:04). II (22:05) ROMANCE - LARGHETTO. Lyrical, intimate, and highly delicate. Chopin described it as a "meditation on a beautiful summer night." III (32´37´´) RONDO - VIVACE. Cheerful, full of rhythm and vitality, with touches of Polish folklore.
Today's version is presented by Chinese pianist Lang Lang accompanied by the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by American maestro Lawrence Foster .
Lang Lang (1982), the pianist visiting us today, is a renowned Chinese virtuoso considered by many critics and professional piano experts to be one of the finest pianists of his generation. He was the first Chinese pianist to be engaged by the Berlin Philharmonic , the Vienna Philharmonic , and some of the leading and most prestigious American orchestras. Music critics for the Chicago Tribune called him "the greatest and most exciting keyboard talent we have encountered in many years of attending piano recitals."
The bolero is a musical genre of Cuban origin, declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2023 as a traditional genre in Cuba and Mexico ; it is also very popular throughout Latin America. The genre is identifiable by certain rhythmic elements and new compositional forms that emerged in Cuban music during the 19th century . It shares its name with the Spanish bolero , a dance that originated in the 18th century and is performed in 3/4 time , while the Cuban genre developed a different rhythmic structure and melody, in 4/4 time .
Ravel 's Bolero is a musical work created in 1928. The immediate success and universal dissemination of Le Boléro , dedicated to the dancer Ida Rubinstein , made it not only one of the composer's most famous works, but also one of the defining pieces of 20th-century music. It is an orchestral movement inspired by a folk dance , characterized by an unchanging rhythm and tempo, with an obsessive melody— an ostinato —in C major , repeated again and again without any modification except for orchestral effects, in a crescendo that, in extremis, ends with a modulation to E major and a resounding coda.
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The Esbjörn Svensson Trio (also known as EST ) was a Swedish jazz band. Founded in 1993, it consisted of leader Esbjörn Svensson (piano), Dan Berglund (bass), and Magnus Öström (drums). EST was known for its innovative style and achieved significant international acclaim, both critically and commercially. Although its name refers to the pianist and founder, the group described itself as "a pop band that plays jazz." Furthermore, it broke with the tradition of having a leader in a band, favoring equality among its members. They performed in jazz clubs as well as on stages typically reserved for rock bands, employing smoke and lighting effects.
Madhushree (1969) is an Indian singer who performs songs in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu , and Kannada . Born Sujata Bhattacharya into a Bengali Brahmin family of musicians in Bangalore , she is the daughter of Amarendranath and Parbati Bhattacharya , who were her primary teachers. As a classical singer, Madhushree enrolled at Rabindra Bharati University , where she completed her academic training. She then began working for the Indian Council for Cultural Relations , through which she was appointed to teach classical music in Suriname (South America). Upon her return to India , she began performing musical pieces in various films, which have enjoyed considerable popularity.
Tom Jobim (1927-1994) was a Brazilian composer, arranger, singer, guitarist, and pianist of bossa nova , popular Brazilian music, and classical music. He is considered one of the greatest exponents of Brazilian music and one of the great composers of popular music of the 20th century . He was the artist who internationalized bossa nova and, with the help of important American artists, fused it with jazz. Jobim 's musical roots lie in classical music through Claude Debussy, Frédéric Chopin, and Heitor Villa-Lobos . These were combined with Brazilian samba and folklore , cool jazz harmonies, and Broadway musicals . Among his abundant output, " Garota de Ipanema " stands out as one of the most well-known Brazilian melodies in the world.
Annalisa Scarrone (Savona, Italy, August 5, 1985), known simply as Annalisa , is an Italian singer and songwriter. After some experience in the music industry with two bands, she rose to fame as a solo artist in 2011, participating in the tenth season of the talent show Amici di Maria De Filippi (Friends of Maria De Filippi), where she placed second in the singing category, winning the " Critics' Award ." She subsequently became a regular participant in the Sanremo Music Festival . She debuted in 2013 with the song " Scintille ," finishing in 9th place. In 2015, she participated again with the song " Una finestra tra le stelle, " and in 2016 she performed " Il diluvio universale ," finishing in 11th place. In 2018, he reached number 3 with " Il mondo prima di te, " as he did again in 2024 with the song " Sinceramente ." He has recorded 8 studio albums, achieving 52 Platinum and 13 Gold records, selling approximately 4,800,000 copies.
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Prince Igor (Князь Игорь / Knyaz' Igor') is an opera by Alexander Borodin , inspired by the campaign of Prince Igor of Kyiv against the Polovtsy or Cumans of Khan Kontckak , based on a 12th-century epic poem, " The Tale of Igor's Campaign ." Left unfinished when Borodin died in 1887, it was completed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov and premiered on November 4, 1890, at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg .
The Polovtsian Dances are a suite of oriental dances included in Act Two of the opera. They depict a spectacular choreographic scene presented by the Polovtsian leader , Khan Konchak , to entertain Prince Igor , who has been captured. These dances are one of the most famous parts of the entire opera and a brilliant example of the musical exoticism that characterizes certain 19th- century Russian composers.
Reveriano Soutullo Otero ( Puenteareas , Pontevedra, July 11, 1880 – Madrid , October 29, 1932) was a Spanish composer of zarzuelas and pasodobles. His father directed the Redondela band, so Reveriano was surrounded by music from a young age. At 19, he went to study at the Madrid Conservatory and, while there, earned a living playing the cornet. He suffered an ear infection that left him partially deaf. In Madrid, he studied harmony and composition for three years, a subject in which he received the extraordinary prize. Between 1906 and 1907, he returned to Vigo , where he received a scholarship to study music abroad. Thanks to this, he came into contact with Italian and German musicians; but the musicians who influenced him most were those he encountered in Paris: Debussy and Ravel .
Juan Bautista Vert Carbonell ( Carcagente , Valencia, 1890 – Madrid , February 16, 1931) was a Spanish composer of zarzuelas. A few months after his birth, his family moved to Onteniente , the town where he grew up, lived, and considered his own. He began his musical studies with Enrique Casanova , director of the local band and organist of the Archpriest Church of the Assumption of Saint Mary . A few years later, he continued his studies in piano, harmony, and composition with Manuel Ferrando . By the age of fourteen, he had mastered the violin and piano, and in 1911 he moved to Madrid, enrolling at the Royal Conservatory of Music , where he won the prize of honor in Harmony and Composition . He died suddenly in his Madrid apartment at the age of forty while writing La Maja Serrana .
The Legend of the Kiss is a zarzuela in two acts, divided into three scenes, with a libretto by Enrique Reoyo, José Silva Aramburu , and Antonio Paso , and music by Reveriano Soutullo and Juan Vert . It premiered with great success at the Teatro Apolo in Madrid on Friday, January 18, 1924.
Today the Alhambra Ballet offers us a choreographed version of its famous Interlude , which was covered by, among other artists, the group Mocedades in the song Amor de hombre .
The women who participated in the Mexican Revolution are known as Adelitas or Soldaderas , serving in the military contingents of revolutionary groups as soldiers, cooks, nurses, or assistants. In 1914, Adela Velarde Pérez cared for the wounded soldier Antonio del Río Armenta , who composed the famous song-march in her honor . Every November 20th, the anniversary of the Mexican Revolution , many girls dress up as Adelitas as part of the day's activities.
The Amalia Hernández Ballet, also known as the Ballet Folklórico de México, offers us today the choreography of this song.
Kolbastı , also known as Faroz Kesmesi or Hoptek, is a Turkish folk dance that originated in the 1930s in the port city of Trabzon , on the Black Sea coast in northeastern Turkey . Loosely translated, Kolbastı means "caught red-handed by the police " in Turkish. Legend has it that the name comes from the city's nightly police patrols rounding up drunks, who invented a song with the lyrics: "They came, they caught us, they beat us" (Turkish: "Geldiler, bastılar, vurdular"). In recent years, this dance has become very popular and is spreading throughout Turkey , where it is primarily used at weddings or by young men who like to show off and attract women.
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Various Wikipedia articles and relevant information on Artificial Intelligence were used to prepare these texts.
The texts of Videomusicalis are written in Basque, Spanish and English.
