Collection of music videos

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), Austrian composer whose brother Michael Haydn was also a notable composer, was one of the main pillars on which classicism (1750-1810) was based. At six years of age he began his studies of harpsichord and violin. At the age of eight he was admitted as a choralist at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna where he continued his musical studies. After changing his voice, he had to survive by working multiple jobs, while studying composition analyzing the works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach . He maintained a close friendship with Mozart and was Beethoven 's teacher. He laid the main foundations of the sonata form and the formal structure of the string quartet and the symphony. He died at the age of 77 in Vienna .

The catalog of Haydn's works . The works of Joseph Haydn are today classified according to the system created by Anthony van Hoboken and revised and completed by Robbins Landon and his wife Christa , which has been universally adopted, although it is now known that it does not accurately reflect the chronology and composition of the works. works, criteria used by Hoboken in the catalog. Each work is identified with a Roman numeral that corresponds to the category, which in most cases corresponds to a genre. Some categories have subdivisions, which are indicated with a lowercase letter and then an Arabic number appears that corresponds to the order of the specific work within the category. These figures are preceded by the word Hoboken (in memory of the catalog's author) and sometimes by Hob .

Symphony No. 94 , Hoboken I: 94 in G major, called The Surprise, by Joseph Haydn , was composed around 1791, and is one of his best-known works. It owes its name, and much of its fame, to its second movement, a masterful theme with variations in which, after a piano beginning, a sudden fortissimo chord is heard. It was premiered at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23, 1792 with enormous success among the public and critics. The aforementioned movement, Andante , was the one that generated the most enthusiasm and the one that we offer today under the direction of the Latvian maestro Mariss Jansons .

Johann Strauss (son) (1825-1899) was an Austrian composer, son of Johann Strauss and brother of the composers Josef Strauss and Eduard Strauss . Known in life as “the king of the waltz”, he was an essential factor in its evolution and sophistication, going from being a peasant dance to an entertainment dance of the Imperial Court . He is the best known of the family for his waltzes, his polkas and his marches; composer, also, of several operettas. His father wanted to prevent his son from going through the hardships of a musician's life, so it was his mother who helped and encouraged him to focus on music. His work forms the basis of the repertoire offered annually at the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra 's New Year's Concert .

Catalog of the works of Strauss II . His works, like those of Grieg that we have referred to above, are classified by their Opus number.

The waltz (from Germanic Walzer , a term from the German verb walzen , 'to spin, roll') is an elegant ballroom dance, documented in its definitive form since the end of the 18th century . It is the evolution of an ancient dance from the 12th century , originating in Tyrol (Austria) and southern Germany . The waltz gained its nobility in Vienna during the 1760s, quickly expanding to other countries. Some authors believe that the waltz had its origin in the volte or volta , a 3-beat dance practiced during the 16th century . The word waltz was born in the 18th century , when this dance was introduced into opera and ballet. Its most significant characteristic is that its time signature is 3/4.

Frühlingsstimmen (Voices of Spring), op. 410, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss Jr. in 1882 and conceived as a waltz for soloist with choir accompaniment, to be performed at a benefit concert held at the Theater an der Wien . The theme has been widely used throughout history as an accompaniment to various audiovisual shows. Today it is offered to us by the splendid Slovak soprano Patricia Janečková .

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) together with Bach and Mozart is part of the trio of giants of Western music. Born in Bonn , his father of Flemish origin, tried to make him a second Mozart , although it was a notable failure. Despite this, from the age of nine the organist Christian Gottlob Neefe captivated him with the study of Bach . In 1787 he moved to Vienna with the intention of taking Mozart classes, but the death of his mother returned him to Bonn a few days later. And so after five years, he returned to Vienna where he contacted Haydn and Salieri , becoming known as a composer and pianist with notable public recognition. However, his profession as a pianist could not be carried out due to deafness that attacked him the following year until he was completely incapable of this faculty.

The catalog of Beethoven's works . There are 138 musical works composed by Beethoven arranged by opus , assigned by the composer's editors while he was alive. On the sidelines, there are another 205 works that do not have an opus number and that were published after the composer's death. These works were assigned WoO numbers (Werke ohne Opuszahl, "works without opus number"). This catalog was first produced by Georg Kinsky and Hans Halm (Das Werk Beethovens) in 1955.

The Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21 was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1799 and 1800 and unlike many of his later works, there is no written evidence of its genesis, since not a single autograph score has been preserved. complete nor its sketches. Furthermore, the symphony is clearly indebted to its predecessors, particularly its teacher Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . However, it exhibits features that uniquely mark it as Beethoven 's work, particularly the frequent use of szandondi , as well as sudden changes in tonal centers that were uncommon in the traditional symphonic form (especially in the third movement). , and the prominent and independent use of wind instruments.

Structure . The symphony consists of four movements: ​I (0´29´´) ADAGIO MOLTO – (1´54´) ALLEGRO CON BRIO. It is written in C major in sonata form ( exposition-development-reexposition, coda).-. II (9´30´´) ANDANTE CANTABILE WITH MOTORCYCLE. Written in the subdominant key of F major, it also adopts the .- sonata form. III (16´30´´) MENUETTO. ALLEGRO MOLTO E VIVACE. It resumes the initial key of C major, the time signature is 3/4 and responds to the tripartite form of the Menuetto.- . IV (20'04'') ADAGIO – (20'37'') ALLEGRO MOLTO E VIVACE. It also returns to the initial key of C Major, the time signature is 2/4 and follows the sonata form once again.

Today it is offered to us by the Orchestra Filarmonica Marchigiana conducted by the Italian maestro Beatrice Venezi .

Bent Sørensen (1958) is a Danish composer. He won the prestigious Grawemeyer Prize for Musical Composition in 2018 for L'isola della Città . He studied composition with Ib Nørholm at the Royal Danish Academy of Music and with Per Nørgård at the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus . Sørensen treats major/minor keys with microtonal inflections and blurs harmonies with glissandi . Examples of this technique can be found in his trombone concerto " Birds and Bells ", a work for orchestra and choir " Echoing Garden ", and his violin concerto " Sterbende Gärten ", which won the prestigious Nordic Council Music Prize in 1996. The works treat popular songs in a prosaic way.

Sørensen has composed in a variety of media, including opera (his " Under the Sky " premiered in 2004 at the Royal Opera House in Copenhagen ), orchestra, choir, chamber ensemble and solo instruments; although in particular he has not composed electroacoustic music. Since 2008 he has been visiting professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music in London .

Mikel Laboa (1934-2008) was one of the most important singer-songwriters in Basque at the end of the 20th century . Considered the patriarch of Basque music, his music has influenced younger generations. His album Bat-Hiru was chosen in the Diario Vasco by popular vote as the best Basque album in history. Born in Donostia/San Sebastián , he spent two years of his childhood in the Biscayan town of Lekeitio. He studied Medicine and Psychiatry in Iruña/Pamplona and always combined his artistic career with that of a doctor. His music can be defined as a combination of tradition, poetry and experimentalism, in the style of the singer-songwriters of the 60s and 70s, but endowed with a strong personal touch and a very particular voice.

The video that we offer today consists of two songs. Txoria txori (0´8´´) is a Basque poem written by Joxean Artze in 1957 and set to music by Mikel Laboa in 1968. “If I had cut off its wings it would have been mine, it would not have escaped me. But like this, I would have stopped being a bird.” Artze was 25 years old when he wrote this poem that is about freedom and about possession, dominance and respect between people and animals. Baga, biga, higa (4'09'') is a song composed by Mikel Laboa in 1969. The lyrics come from two onomatopoeic poems from traditional Basque folklore. The performance is offered to us by Mikel Laboa as soloist, accompanied by the Orfeón Donostiarra and the Euskadi Symphony ; all of them directed by Víctor Pablo Pérez .

Buena Vista Social Club was the name of a very popular social club in Havana , whose members practiced dancing and music. Shortly after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the new Cuban president Manuel Urrutia Lleó began a program of closing or nationalizing gambling stores, nightclubs and other venues associated with the hedonistic lifestyle of Havana , among which was the Buena View Social Club . Under the same name, a musical group with traditional Cuban musicians, many of them former members of the club, performed in Amsterdam in 1998. German film director Wim Wenders recorded the performance, followed by a second concert at Carnegie Hall in New York that was an international success.

Adolphe Adam (1803-1856) was a French composer born in Paris and author of abundant stage music. His first successes came in his adulthood with the ballet Giselle and the opera Si j'étais roi ; By then he had already written several ballets and operas; In total he wrote 40 operas, 14 ballets and various cantatas, hymns, masses, choirs, piano pieces, pantomimes, military marches and plays; Of all these compositions it is worth highlighting, in addition to those already mentioned, the carol Cantique de Noël, known worldwide, in its English translation, as O Holy Night and the ballet Le Corsaire . From 1849 until his death in 1856 he was professor of composition at the Paris Conservatory .

The Pas de Trois that we offer today belongs to the ballet in three acts, Le Corsaire with music by Adolphe Adam and libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges , inspired by the poem The Corsair by Lord Byron and the opera derived from it. , Verdi 's Corsair . The original choreography is by Joseph Mazilier and it premiered for the first time in 1856 at the Paris Opera . However, in 1868, Marius Petipa and Jules Perrot performed a renewal of the ballet for the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow . This version is the one from which most subsequent adaptations and productions are derived.

The dances of Peru are a set of expressions whose origin dates back to pre-Hispanic times; Later, with colonization and cultural exchange between American-Hispanic-African cultures, there was a great mixture of culture and traditions. The dances of Peru are traditions from the coastal, mountain and jungle regions, in order to celebrate their homeland. The main dances of the country can be classified into: Agricultural dances, Carnival dances, Ceremonial dances, Pastoral dances, Religious dances, Ballroom dances and Hunting dances.